Following Alyattes's death in 585 BC, this rivalry became an open succession struggle out of which Croesus emerged victorious. ĭuring Croesus's tenure as governor of Adramyttium itself, a rivalry had developed between him and his step-brother Pantaleon, who might have been intended by Alyattes to be his successor. As governor of Adramyttium, Croesus had to provide his father with Ionian Greek mercenaries for a military campaign in Caria. Under his father's reign, Croesus had been a governor of Adramyttium, which Alyattes had rebuilt as a centre of operations for military actions against the Cimmerians, a nomadic people from the Pontic steppe who had invaded Western Asia, and attacked Lydia over the course of several invasions during which they killed Alyattes's great-grandfather Gyges, and possibly his grandfather Ardys and his father Sadyattes.
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Croesus had at least one full sister, Aryenis, as well as a step-brother named Pantaleon, born from a Ionian Greek wife of Alyattes. Life and reign Ĭroesus was born in 620 BC to the king Alyattes of Lydia and one of his queens, a Carian noblewoman whose name is still unknown. Kearns, Croesus's real personal name would have been Karoś, while Krowiśaś would have been a honorific name meaning "The noble Karoś". Krowiśaś was also analyzed as a compound term consisting of the proper name 𐤨𐤠𐤭𐤬𐤮 Karoś, of a glide 𐤥 ( -w-) and of the Lydian term 𐤦𐤮𐤠𐤮 iśaś, perhaps meaning "master, lord, noble". The name Croesus comes from the Latin transliteration of the Greek Κροισος Kroisos, which was thought to be the ancient Hellenic adaptation of the reconstructed Lydian name 𐤨𐤭𐤬𐤥𐤦𐤮𐤠𐤮 Krowiśaś. Euler published a research of Lydian coins apparently minted during his rule, where the name of the ruler was rendered as Qλdãns. The name of Croesus was not attested in contemporary inscriptions in the Lydian language. Evans has remarked, "Croesus had become a figure of myth, who stood outside the conventional restraints of chronology." Name The fall of Croesus had a profound effect on the Greeks, providing a fixed point in their calendar.
According to Herodotus, he reigned 14 years.Ĭroesus was renowned for his wealth Herodotus and Pausanias noted that his gifts were preserved at Delphi. 546 BC ) was the king of Lydia, who reigned from 585 BC until his defeat by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 547 or 546 BC. Croesus ( / ˈ k r iː s ə s/ KREE-səs Lydian: 𐤨𐤭𐤬𐤥𐤦𐤮𐤠𐤮 Krowiśaś Phrygian: Akriaewais Ancient Greek: Κροῖσος, romanized: Kroisos Latin: Croesus reigned: c.
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